These handout slides cover the following topics:
1.
Endocopic Sinus Sinus Surgery [FESS] needs proper orientation of the anatomic and pathophsiologic basis of the procedure. CT and nasal endoscopy are complementary to achieve proper diagnosis. FESS is the gold standard today to manage most of the sino-nasal diseases. Following the learning curve is the way to achieve safe and effective sino-nasal surgery.
2.
Anatomy of the sino-nasal region constitutes a dilemma because of the multiple variations of different structures. Orientation of the usual anatomy, possible variations, and the boundaries of the area are mandatory to perform transnasal endoscopic surgery effectively and safely.
Blockage at the Ostiomeatal complex [OMC] leads to mal-aeration and mal-drainage of secretions via the sinuses ostia. Chronic ethmoiditis leads to secondary maxillary and frontal sinusitis. To re-establish proper aeration and drainage of these big sinuses blockage at the OMC should be cleared. This could be achieved either medically or surgically.
4.
Diagnostic endoscopy has become the gold standard in proper examination of the nasal cavity. It gives a lot of information concerning the nasal cavity, nasal septum, nasal mucosa and nasal secretions. It also helps in biopsy taking
5.
CT is mandatory and complementary to nasal endoscopy before FESS. Systematic study of the CT gives an excellent chance to achieve safe and effective surgery.
